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Part 22
Sura Nazi'at 79:1-5
In The Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the
Merciful
1. "By those
(angels) who tear out (the souls of the wicked) with violence;"
2. "By those
(angels) who gently
draw out (the souls of the Blessed);"
3. "And by those who glide along (on errands of mercy),"
4. "Then press
forward as in a race,"
5. "And those
who manage the affair,"
Commentary:
By The Angels Who Try Hard:
There
are five important matters sworn to in the above verses and whose aim is to
settle the rightfulness and certainty of the Resurrection.
"By those
(angels) who tear out (the souls of the wicked) with violence,"
"By those
(angels) who gently draw out (the souls of the blessed);"
"And by those
who glide along (on errands of merry)",
"Then press
forward as in a race,"
" And those
who manage the affair,"
First,
some particular terms used in these verses should be made clear before we
proceed with the commentary of the verses.
The
word /nazi'at/ is based on /naza'a/ which
means 'to pluck out', or 'to draw out some what sharply, like drawing
a bow to shoot arrows'. This word is sometimes used for spiritual matters,
such as the detachment of enmity or love from the heart.
The
term /qaraqa/, according to many philologists, means 'to sink, the act of drowning' and sometimes it has been used in the
sense of 'being entirely busy in an event
or a disaster'.
Or,
the term /qarq/, according to Ibn-Manzur in Lisan-al-Arab, is
a noun replacing the infinitive with the meaning of / iqraq / 'to exaggerate' which originally means 'to draw a bow to the extreme possible point', hence,
to exaggerate in anything.
This
clearly shows that, in the above verse, the word does not mean 'to sink, or to drown', but it means 'to do something to the extreme end ".
The
term /naŝitat/ is derived from /naŝt/ which originally means 'to untie the knots which are easily
unfastened'. 'A shallow well', from which the bucket can be drawn easily at
one pull, is called /inŝat / '. 'A camel which is instigated by a subtle hint and moves very fast' is called /naŝitah/. Therefore,
this word is generally used in any case where a movement is fluently done.
The
term / sabihat / is based on /sabh/ which means 'a quick movement in water or air'. Hence, it is applied to
swimming, or a swimming motion, or a swift gallop, or to perform a daily
affair, quickly. The word / tasbih / 'to praise Allah' is from the same root, as if the one who praises Allah goes quickly forward in
worship of the Lord.
The
term / sabiqat / is derived from / sabqah / which means 'to precede' and since the action is usually impossible without
full speed, this term is sometimes used in the sense of 'speed', too.
The
term /mudabbirat/ is based on /tadbir/ which means 'to mediate upon, or consider the end of an action', and since
foresight causes one to arrange his affairs in a better manner, this word is
used here in that sense.
Now,
with due attention to what was explained about the words concerning the verses,
we are going to proceed with the commentary.
To
whom or to what do these five oaths refer? The oaths, at first sight, seem
rather ambiguous, while at the same time this ambiguity stimulates us to
mediate more deeply and thus causes our progressive thinking.
In
this regard, commentators have given many different ideas and commentaries,
which mainly revolve around three points:
1.
The oaths are aimed at 'angels' who
are ordered to tear out the souls of the wicked and the pagan, violently; those
Souls who have never assumed to submit to the Truth and to the angels who are
appointed to draw out the souls of the blessed, gently and smoothly.
Then,
it refers to the angels who move fast and fluently to carry out the Divine Command. And in so doing, they
race each other to fulfill their errands.
Finally,
they arrange the affairs according to Allah's plan.
2.
The oaths refer to the 'stars', which
continually set on one horizon and rise above another.
A
group of them moves slowly, but another goes swiftly, from one place to
another, with speed. They are floating above us in immense space, taking the
lead one after another.
And
finally, these stars, having their own influence and effect (like the effect of
sunlight and moonlight on the Earth), arrange the affairs according to Allah's plan.
3.
The oaths are aimed at the fighters of 'Holy
War' (Jihad), or at their horses, and who leave their own houses and cities
with expressive grief, but, then they smoothly and happily leave for the
battlefield taking the lead one after another directing and running the affairs
of war.
On
occasion, some commentators have tried to combine these three ideas by choosing
one part from one commentary and another part from another one, but the
framework is the same.name="_ftnref2" title="">[2]
There
is no contrast, of course, among these commentaries and it is possible that the
above verses refer to all of them. But, on the whole, first commentary,
regarding its suitability to the main theme, Resurrection, and with the traditions by the sinless Imams, seems
to be most fitting.
name="_ftn1" title="">[1] Lisan-al-Arab; Majma-al-Bayan,
The Commentary; Kashshaf, The Commentary; and Majma-al-Bahrayn.
href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="">[2]
A fourth point of probability cited
refers to the natural movements of
creatures
in the world
