An introduction to first infallible Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) - introduction to first infallible Hazrat Muhammad P.B.U.H. [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

An introduction to first infallible Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H.)

Quraish
Tribe

The
tribe of Quraish was taken into consideration as one of the most
respectable and honorable one amid the honorable Arab tribes of Hijaz (The
land which is now known as Saudi Arabia was known as Hijaz before the Saudi
dynasty came into existence).

The
great grand father of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) known as Kisa Bin Kalab was
custodian of the Kaabah (The Haram of God). Quraish were divided into many
different groups and Bani Hashim was the noblest one out of them.

Hashim
was considered to be a noble, wise and honorable one among the people of

Mecca

. He helped and
assisted the residents of

Mecca

and started the
trading business in the summer and winter for the betterment of their
lives. Therefore, the people gave him the title of Syed. This is the very
reason why those who are his successors and out of his and Prophet's race
are known as Syeds. The sons of Hashim following him known as Mutalib and
Abdul Mutalib became the guardians and custodians of Quraish. Abdul Mutalib
was a great personality. This was during his age that Abraha attacked
Kaabah, but the Almighty God destroyed him. This added to the greatness of
Abdul Mutalib. He loved Abdullah very much. Abdullah was married to the
noble girl Amina at the age of twenty-four years.

Two
months after the event of Amul-feel Amina bore a child who was named
Mohammad (P.B.U.H.). Before the Birth of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) his father
Abdullah had passed away and after a short period his mother too breathed
her last. The Prophet's (P.B.U.H.) grandfather Abdul Mutalib took over as
his guardian. The son of Abdullah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) with the grace
and mercy of God grew up to be such a young man with spiritual purity that
the people of Mecca

loved him and
used to keep their belongings in his custody. This is the reason he was
called "Amin."

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.), with his force of faith, backed and assisted the poor
and oppressed ones, took his meals along with them, lent ear to their words
and solved their problems.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.), when some of the young ones organized an association
known as the "Commitment of youths", joined them and started
backing them because their aim was supporting the tyrannized ones and
waging jihad (holy war) against the tyrants and cruel ones.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.), as his uncle Abu Talib (A.S.) advised him, joined the
trade caravan of Khatija (A.S.) and due to his correct and right work
became the leader of the caravan.

After
some time Khatija (A.S.) got impressed by his virtues and wished his hand
in marriage. He accepted the proposal and the richest lady of Quraish put
all her wealth into his feet (This wealth which was the greatest possible
treasure of the Arab world of those days, was later on used by him for the
sake of helping poor Muslims and spreading Islam) and at his disposal.

Khatija
(A.S.) gave birth to Fatima (A.S.), to whose race
belong all the Infallible Imams of Islamic Ummah.

The
Sagacity of Prophet (P.B.U.H.)

After
ten years of his marriage a strong flood came to

Mecca

, which divested
and plundered the Khanae Kaabah. To avoid dispute, the work of
reconstruction of Kaabah was distributed among various tribes but when the
building construction was completed and the time for fixing the
Hajar-e-Aswad (a black stone fixed on a corner of Kaabah) approached, every
tribe had the desire to achieve the honor of fixing it.

They
got very close to a war. He gave the decision that the Hajar-e-Aswad be
placed on a sheet of cloth and all of them should carry it together and
erect it.

Commencement
of the Prophetic Mission

At the
age of forty years the Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) was appointed as Prophet.

One
day when he was busy offering his prayers and was worshipping God at the

Cave of

Hara

(The Cave of Hara
is known as Kooh-e-noor is about 6 KM from

Mecca

towards Mina) angel
Gabriel brought him revelation from God that he was chosen as Prophet.

After
the revelation he went to take rest at his home. Once again, the angel
Gabriel descended and reveled the revelation of
God to him for starting the religious propagation.

To start
with, Prophet (P.B.U.H.) secretly propagated and a few men secretly
accepted Islam. First of all, his wife accepted his Prophesy and then
Hazrat Ali (A.S.). He leveled the ground and made the atmosphere for
propagation ready for as long as three years.

God
commanded him to invite the people towards one single God and start a holy
war and crusade against the idols.

This
was a dangerous and perilous job because the chiefs of the tribes had
achieved the status of Kings and Monarchs and had made all the others their
slaves. Secondly it appeared to be difficult to break the idols those,
which had been worshipped by them, for ages.

But
there was no alternative except to tolerate and bear the difficulties for
the sake of achievement of the goal and high aim of monotheism and
constitution of Taw hid (One Gad).

After
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) had extended the common invitation, people started
their resistance and enmity.

In the
beginning, they tried to stop him (P.B.U.H.) by offering bribe. But when
they did not succeed, they used power and started teasing, torturing,
plundering the assets and making fun and cracking jokes with his followers
but this attempt also failed to stop the mission of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.).

The
polytheists boosted up their brutalities and violence and ousted the
Prophet along with his family and followers out of

Mecca

.

Therefore,
these people were forced to live in Shaab-e-Abu Talib for three years, so
as to get themselves saved from the evil activities of the enemy. But the
enemies did not content themselves and restrict their activities to this.

They
even besieged the Shaab-e-Abu Talib so that the food and water does not
reach them.

Some
people played upon their lives to get them food in the darkness of the
night.

So the
time kept on passing till the polytheist gave way to the strong will and
determination of the Muslims and decided to Kill the Prophet (P.B.U.H.).
They planned to select one young man from each and every tribe and family
so that no one should be able to ask them for blood money. They fixed a
particular night to attack the Prophet's house and martyr him.

Migration
to Madinah

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) came to know about their plan through revelation. Out of
his lovers, this was only Ali (A.S.) who chose to lie down upon his bed and
sacrifice his own life for the Prophet (P.B.U.H.). The Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
migrated from Mecca

under the cover
of darkness of night. The polytheists gathered on the specified time on
that night to attack the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) but when they saw Ali (A.S.) on
the bed of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) they were astonished and immediately
started the pursuit of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) but they came back without
achieving their end.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.), after a tiresome and inconvenient journey reached Quba,
a place near Madinah, where the inhabitants of Madinah greeted and welcomed
the Prophet (P.B.U.H).

After
reaching this place the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) planned to construct the Quba
Mosque, so that the Muslims may gather there to offer their prayers and
start planning about their constructional works.

The
work of the Mosque construction proceeded swiftly. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
also helped during the work. After the work got accomplished the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) offered the first ever Juma prayer in the same Mosque. The Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) delivered a short speech and waited for his representative Ali
(A.S.) to come and join him along with the ladies of Bani Hashim and then
they enter the city together.

Ali
(A.S.) remained in Mecca

for 3 days after
the Prophet's (P.B.U.H.) departure and surrendered all the deposits which
the people had kept with the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) Then Ali (A.S.) left

Mecca

for Madinah along
with the ladies of Bani Hashim at midnight

and later joined
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) at Quba.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) along with Ali (A.S.) and the ladies entered the city of
Madinah where a warm welcome of the city
inhabitants was awaiting them. Everyone was requesting the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) to be his guest. But he (P.B.U.H.) said leave the way of my
camel, I (P.B.U.H.) will become the guest of the person on whose door the
camel shall sit down.

The
camel kept moving and crossing the streets of Madinah till She sat down on
the door of Abu Ayub Ansari and the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) became the guest of
him.

After
reaching Madinah, first of all the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) laid the foundation
of the Mosque so as to start the preaching and propagation of his religion
from this great and glorious base.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) immediately put and end to the
war of Aus and Khizra's tribes, which were going on for a hundred and
twenty years on the provocation of the Jews and made them, enter a truce.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) created the "brotherhood" between the
Muhajireen (immigrants) and Ansar (aiders) so that they do not become a
burden upon the later and they could live their lives together.

The
Jews of Madinah who had the keys to the economy of that place felt a danger
approaching them, so they spoiled and deterred their relations with the
Muslims. They wanted to deter and finish the unity of Muslims and kill
them. But the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was fully aware of their activities and
thus he would nullify and counter all their conspiracies.

The
Deviation of Qiblah

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) used to offer his prayers facing Aqsa Mosque of the

Jerusalem

for a period of
thirteen years in Mecca

and one year and
five months in Madinah. The Jews objected to it and said if we are not on
the right path then why do you offer your prayers
facing our Qiblah.

After
all, one day Jabriel (A.S.) descended from the heaven along with the
revelation at a time when the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was busy offering his
prayer he said: God has ordered you to turn your face towards the Kaabah.
Just now.

From
that time onwards Masjid-ul Haram (Kaabah) is the Qiblah of Muslims. The Jews
felt bad about it and objected upon Muslims and said if Kaabah was your
Qiblah then why did you offer your prayers facing Masjid-ul Aqsa (

Jerusalem

)?

They
were unaware of the fact that the change of Qiblah occurred for the very
reason to distinguish the friends and enemies of Islam. So that those who
obey the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) are distinguished from those who disobey and
oppose him.

1.
The Battle of Badr

When
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) gathered fighting force, and army, he first of all
made truce pacts with the tribe living all around Madinah so that the
danger of expected attacks be pacified and
nullified. He simultaneously made up his mind to attack one of the large
caravans of Quraish infidels which was to cross by Madinah and head towards
Syria so that the defenders of infidelity and polytheism be punished and,
taken to task and there pride be shattered, and at the same time they
should be given the answer for plundering the wealth, belonging and winning
of the houses of Muhajireen (immigrants) by them.

This
battle is named the battle of Badr because it took place near the
well-named Badr.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) fought this battle after consulting the political
elements and had taken steps after getting full information about the exact
position of the enemy. His companions succeeded in the Shade of faith and
the polytheists were defeated.

2.
The Battle of Uhad

The
victory of Muslims in the Badr battle had made the polytheists very annoyed
and angry. At the height and peak of anger Abu Sufian announced that nobody
should mourn the death of his Kith and Kin.

On the
other hand, the Jews were greatly terrified and afraid from the success the
Muslims had achieved. That was the very reason why a Jew named Kaab Ibne
Ashraf went to Mecca

and recited
emotion evoking poems and made the infidels of Quraish weep over their
killed ones and provoked them to take revenge.

As a
result, the Quraish held a meeting at Darun Nadva
during which they assessed and estimated the cost of the next battle around
fifty thousand golden Dinars.

Right
from that moment, they started procuring and gathering the war weapons and
also took help and aid from the tribes living in the surroundings of

Mecca

.

The
Method of Departure

The
army of polytheists consisting upon three thousand warriors headed to
Madinah.

Abbas
lbne Abdul Mutalib, who was then concealing his being a Muslim, helped the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) by sending a speedy messenger with a letter informing
him about the circumstances. The well-armed army of polytheists headed by
Aim Sufian and another army (infantry) Commanded by Khalid Ibne Waleed
camped near the Uhad

Mountain

.

Having
received information about the intentions of the polytheists the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) held a meeting, wherein the majority decided to meet the enemy
outside the city. The army of Islam moved out of the city on 7th of the
Shawwal 3rd Hijrah after the morning prayers and by the order of the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) camped near the enemy army. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
stationed Abdullah lbne Jabeer along with fifty men equipped with bows and
arrows on the top of a valley, which was strategically, and Marshal
important and dangerous and ordered them "Do not move from here
whether we gain victory or loose the battle." The two armies of
monotheism and polytheists confronted each other. The battle started
through Abu Amer a soldier of Quraish army.

In the
beginning, the Islamic forces fought bravely and made the army of infidel's
retreat but very soon the situation reversed.

The
platoon of the bow and arrow men, who were stationed by the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) to cover the valley, thinking the battle had ended, left their
place in greed of looting the booty.

Khalid
bin Waleed the infantry Commander of the enemy took advantage of the
situation and along with his soldiers went around the mountain and captured
the valley and attacked those Muslim who were busy in plundering the booty
from the rear and killed most of them.

Seventy
men out of the total number of Muslims were slain and the rest of them ran
away and the battle ended to the benefit of the enemy. But the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.), by the sacrifice and heroism of Ali (A.S.) and the cooperation
of a few others, followed and pursued the enemy and killed a number of
their soldiers. Thus saving Madinah from any fresh attack.

3.
The Battle of Khandaq
(Ahzab)

The
Jews who were expelled from Madinah because of their conspiracies and
dishonesty, which they practiced against Muslims by coordination with
enemies, did not sit silent and peaceful. Their chiefs approached the
Quraish leaders of Mecca

and provoked them
to fight the Muslims and promised them all kind of help and assistance.

As a
result of this movement various groups and tribes joined hands and opened a
joint front against Islam. Therefore, this war is known as the war of
Ahzabs or groups.

Their
common army consisting and comprising of polytheists, arrogant, Jews,
hypocrites and the run away from Madinah, entered a pact regarding helping
each other against Islam, so that they had ventured to finish Islam.

An
army of ten thousand warriors moved towards Madinah, in the month of
Shawwal, the 5th Hijrah, under the Command of Abu Sufian to attack Madinah.

A few
swift-moving horsemen of the Khazaa tribe reached Madinah and informed the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) about the situation.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) ordered the army of Islam to get ready and the
Commanders of the army gathered to consult each other.

As a
result of the talk, they accepted the suggestion of Hazrat Salman and dug a
trench all around the city of

Madinah

and the Muslims
defended themselves from behind the trench.

Three
thousand dedicated Muslims worked tirelessly day and night to dig a trench
5 meters deep, six meters wide and twelve thousand meters long.

A few
passages and bridges were made over the trenches and watchmen deputed on
them. On the back side of the trench, bunkers were constructed and bow and
arrow men were deputed there to defend the city.

When
the army of polytheist arrived they saw that a trench was dug all around
the city, which was not possible for them to cross over. They were obliged
to camp beside the trench.

Abu
Sufian with the motive of encouraging his forces called Hayee lbne Akhtab
the leader of the Jews of Bani Nazeer tribe and requested him to meet Kaab
Bin Asad, the Chief of Jews of Bani Kariza, residing in Madinah and pursue
him to start a civil war in Madinah with the help of his followers so as to
pave the way for the attack of Polytheist.

He did
the needful, but Prophet (P.B.U.H.) had already taken precautionary
measures and deputed five hundred armed men to patrol the city and keep
vigilant, remain alert, and keep eyes upon those coming or going out of the
city so that none of the conspiracies of the enemy matures.

The
danger of internal attack was finished and the enemy army comprising of a
few groups and gangs remained on the other side of the trench.

One
day, Umro bin Abduwad heading five brave polytheists crossed over to the
other side of the trench. Umro bin Abduwad yelled, "Oh the claimants
of paradise where are you? Come here, so that I may send you to the
paradise." No one plucked the courage of replying him except Hazrat
Ali (A.S.).

Hazrat
Ali (A.S.) rushed and reached him like a lightening and after a short
conversation killed him by one stroke of his sword and raised the slogan of
Takbir

"Allah-hu-Akbar"

One of
the companions of Umro bin Abduwad ran away and fell into the trench.
Hazrat Ali (A.S.) did not give him any chance and killed him. The rest of
the three succeeded in escaping.

The
might of Ali (A.S.) arm and his speedy action brought the Islamic army a
big success and victory. Just as the Prophet (P.B.U.H) said: This one
stroke of Ali's sword is superior to the prayers of both men and Jins
("Which they have been performing or will ever perform").

The
next day Khalid bin Waleed along with a few horsemen tried to cross the
trench for the sake of encouraging his army but the Mujahideen warriors of
Islamic forces resisted them. Since, under these circumstances the enemy
had lost their wits, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) deputed Naeem bin Masood to
create dispute and disappointment between the Jews of Bani Kariza and the
polytheist so that they may break their mutual commitments.

He
sent Huzaifa Yamani in the darkness of night towards the polytheist to
dishearten them about the war. He did so by giving them the news of cold
chilly wind's blowing and a perilous and dangerous storm. As a result, the
soldiers and army chiefs entered a dispute. This resulted in Abu Sufian's
departure towards Mecca

along with his
army in the quiet, dark night.

When
the Muslims woke up for their morning prayers, they saw the enemy had flown
away, and no sign of them left behind. When the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) received
the news of the enemy's flight he ordered his followers to leave the
bunkers and return to the city.

The
end of Bani Kariza

After
the battle of Ahzab (groups) the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) moved towards the fort
of Bani Kariza. They were made to surrender as a result of 25 days long siege, they surrendered to Hazrat Ali (A.S.).

After
their defeat the Bani Kariza requested the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) to allow them
to leave Madinah but the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) turned their request down
because, they after getting freedom would again conspire to break another
war just like the Jews of Bani Keenka who after getting freedom caused the
Uhud battle to take shape and the Jews of Bani Nazeer had flared up the
Khandak battle.

Finally,
they had to bow their heads to this decision of Saad Bin Ebada that all
those men who had traited and helped the enemy during the war should be
slain and their properties be confiscated.

The
Hudaibiyyah Truce

The
defeat of Quraish in the battles and repeated victory of Muslims,
particularly the defeat of Taefa-e-Bani Mustalek, and accepting Islam at
the hand of Prophet (P.B.U.H.) bewildered the Quraish.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) moved towards

Mecca

in the month of
Dhul-Qi'dah, 7 Hijrah along with fourteen hundred Muslims with the
intention of performing Hajj.

Besides
spiritual and servitude benefits, another political purpose of this journey
was to make it an errand and movement to give a permanent status to the
Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula

.

When
the polytheist received the news of Prophet's (P.B.U.H.) arrival they took
oath and sweard by their idols that they would not let the Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
and his companions enter

Mecca

.

They
sent Khalid bin Waleed along with two hundred horsemen to stop them from
entering the city of Mecca

.

On the
other side, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) arrived the

land of

Hudaibia

through unknown
ways to avoid any conflict and confrontation.

Firstly,
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) sent his representatives to see Quraish and assure
them that they had not come for war & dispute but only to perform the
rituals of Hajj. But they mistreated the representatives, which made
evident that they were battle bourn.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) again made his Ashab (Companions) undertake swear of
allegiance under a tree and they too assured him of faithfulness and self
sacrifice.

When
Quraish learnt about it, they became greatly upset and harassed and sent
Sohail as their representative to negotiate over the truce.

Quraish
desired that the Muslims do not enter

Mecca

in that year, and
return without performing Hajj, and come unarmed to perform Hajj freely in
the next year and during which period Quraish will bear the responsibility
of the safety and security of their lives and property.

The
truce took place on five conditions. Although a group of Muslims were not
happy about it and they were not attentive to the fact that the truce was
the prelude to the conquest of

Mecca

.

Their
anger reached to such a climax that they were even objecting upon the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and as per their immature idea, in that truce laid shame
and humility. Particularly, they were annoyed with this part of the pact
that if a Muslim came from

Mecca

to

Medina

he would be
repatriated.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) rebuking made them understand the situation.

Imam
Jaffer-e-Sadiq (A.S.) said about the importance of that truce, "The
most important event of the Prophet's (P.B.U.H.) life is the truce of
Hudaibiyya."

4.
The Battle of Khyber

The
Prophet of Islam (P.B.U.H.) along with one thousand and six hundred Muslims, moved from Madinah towards Khyber in the month
of Rabi ul Awwal the 7th Hijrah. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) took the enemy by
surprise and reached swiftly the

land of

Rajee

, which is
situated between the lands of Khyber and Ghatfan.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.), by practicing a marshal technique, splited the Jews of
Khyber and Arabs of Ghatfan so that they may not help each other.

The
Muslims besieged the forts of Khyber at night time and the Mujahideen, holy
worriers of Islam, after having spotted the proper places hidden in the
palm plantations and the valleys of Khyber waged the war and captured the
valleys of Khyber one after one by their bravery and self sacrifice. But
the two important valleys, which were the bases of Jews from where they
attacked and threw arrows at Muslims, could not be captured.

The
soldiers of Islam, by the order of Prophet (P.B.U.H.), repeatedly attacked
those forts under the command of Abu Bakr, Umar bin Khattab and Saad bin
Abada on three consecutive days but each time they were defeated.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) then said "Tomorrow I will give this banner of
Islam to the one who will return after conquering this fort."

All
waited for the other day to see who would be that lucky person. But who
else could that be except "Ali (A.S.)."

In the
morning, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) gave the banner of Islam to Ali (A.S.) and
deputed him to capture the fort of Khyber, and prayed for his success. The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) by this act wanted to prove the superiority of Ali
(A.S.) upon other chiefs.

When
Ali (A.S.) along with the army came near the gate of the fort the two
brave, ferocious brothers Haris and Marhab attacked the Muslims vigorously
so that they ran for their lives. But Ali (A.S.) by virtue of his bravery
and resoluteness slew both of them. On seeing this rest of the Jews were
harassed and terrified so they entered the fort and shut the gate tightly.
When the Muslims who had run away, saw this they returned back and stood by
Ali (A.S.). Hazrat Ali (A.S.) pounced upon the fort gate like an angry
tiger, pulled apart the door and used it as his shield. Then he jumped down
into the trench along with it and used it as a bridge so that the Muslims
could enter the fort. It was such a heavy door that seven Muslims together
could not move it.

About
that astonishing power, Ali (A.S.) said, "I did not pull apart the
gate of Khyber by human power but that was the help of God and power of
faith, by which I did it."

Finally,
the army of Islam conquered all the forts and defeated the Jews. The rest
of the Jews requested the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) that they might be allowed to
remain in their land for the cultivation and farming and that they would
give half of the agricultural products to the Muslims.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) acceded to their appeal and let them go free.

The
FidakGarden

When
the news of the fall of Khyber reached the Jews of Fidak they became very
anxious and bewildered. They sent their representative towards the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) with the message of making truce and surrendered half of the

land of

Fidak

to him. He
bestowed it upon Fatima (A.S.) so that she may spend its income upon her
own needs and that of the poor people.

After
the battle of Khyber the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) moved towards the Wadi-ul Qura
(valley of

Qura

) which was the
center of Jews. He besieged and then conquered it, and handed the lands
back to the owners on similar conditions as that of the Khyber i.e. they were
made bound to surrender half of the agricultural products to the Muslims.

By
means of this agreement the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) boosted up the economy and
brought into effect the economical welfare for the Muslims so that they may
face the enemies comfortably.

5.
The Battle of Moota

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) sent an ambassador to the King Basri to invite him to
embrace Islam. When the ambassador reached the

land of

Moota

the ruler
arrested and killed him. After this event the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) sent
sixteen preachers but only one of those survived, the rest were also
killed.

The
one, who had survived, escaped him and having reached Madinah informed the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) about both the sorrowful and heart aching events. The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was much grieved and this was the very reason of the army's being sent in the Jamadi al-Thani of 8th Hijrah,
when ten thousand Muslims got ready to lay their lives in the battle.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.), before the departure of the army, said:

"The
sequence of the chiefs of the military will be as such, the first chief
will be Jaffar Ibne Abu Talib, the next Zaid bin Haris and the third
Abdullah bin Rawaha."

If
after the first being martyred the next one and even if the second and then
the third gets martyred, then you select some one as your chief,
yourselves.

The
army of Islam moved towards Moota. When they reached near main city they
received the information that Harqul the King of Rome have sent an army of
one hundred thousand and another hundred thousand Arabs to besiege the
Muslims.

Unequal
Battle

The
enemy with an army of two hundred thousand met the Muslim army of ten
thousand and started the battle. Jaffar fought bravely till he was
martyred. Thereafter, Zaid bin Haris took over the command till he was
martyred. Following him Abdullah bin Rawaha too got martyred as a result of
a brave fight.

Thereafter,
the warriors selected Khalid Ibne Waleed as their chief. Khalid who was
already experienced and clever thought if the battle continued all the
soldiers would get killed. Therefore, he used a marshal technique and
snatched the battlefield from the enemy's hands.

He
ordered the soldiers to retreat at night and early in the morning move into
the battle field from all the four directions so that the enemy would think
that another reinforcement army has come from Madinah.

Khalid,
by this strategy, terrified the enemy and the battle stopped. He returned
to Madinah along with his army men.

When
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) received the news of his Kith and Kin being martyred
he was much grieved and wept over it and appreciated the sagacity of
Khalid.

Conquest
of Mecca

The retreat of the Muslims in the battle of Moota made the Quraish
intrepid and think that the Muslims were left over with no power,
therefore there was no need to be afraid of them. Inspite of the
Hudaibayyah peace and truce pact, they with the help of their allies Banu
Baker attacked the Muslims of Taefa-e-Khazaa and killed many of them.

Abu
Sufian knew that he would most certainly receive the answer to this
mischief. Therefore, he availed of the first opportunity to see the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) in Madinah and make excuse and try to keep up the Hudaibayyah
pact. But the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) did not give him any positive response and
so he went back unsuccessful to

Mecca

. The Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) ordered the forces to get ready and as a result ten thousand
Muslim announced their willingness to participate in the war.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) deputed guards all around the city of

Madinah

so that nobody is
able to go and inform the polytheist of

Mecca

about this event.

Hatib
a senseless, pious traitor with the pretext that his relative
live in Mecca

and they are
afraid of Quraish, wrote a letter and tried to send it to a Quraish through
a woman. But very soon his plot was revealed and the letter was recovered
from the woman. Hence, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) ordered the Muslims to
boycott him socially, which was worse than death for him.

On the
10th Ramadan, 8th Hijrah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) ordered the army to move
and the Muslims swiftly and without any stoppage reached

Mecca

within a week's
time. They camped near the city. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) through his
sagacity and war strategy ordered the Muslims to get scattered at the night
time and kindle lights every where so that the enemy thinks that a large
army has arrived from Madinah. As a result, the enemy will get terrified.
At nighttime, the jungle was full of flames of fire lit, the noise and
slogans of Muslims, the Camel's blubbering and the horses neighing. When
Abu Sufain along with a group of the leaders of Quraish came to observe the
situation he was dreaded and terrified and told his companions that he has
never seen such a big size army.

Abu
Sufain met Abbas and consulted him. Abbas gave him quarter and peace and
took him along to the Prophet (P.B.U.H.)

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) in view of the interest and benefit of Islam said Abu
Sufain may assure the Meccans that whosoever seeks refuge in his house
shall also have peace and quarter. Abu Sufain returned back to

Mecca

with quarter and
frightened the people of

Mecca

from the Muslim
army and prevented them from fighting the Muslim resulting, which

Mecca

was conquered
without bloodshed.

Common
Amnesty

A
group of Muslims, particularly the refugees were nursing feelings of taking
revenge from the Quraish but the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) announced the common
amnesty and said, "today are the day of mercy and forgiveness not
that of revenge. No one has the right to fight the people except for a few
persons who must be killed where ever they be found
because their crimes are not forgivable."

Then
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) named those persons. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) after a
brief rest entered the Kaabah and cleaned the idols.
and the Prophet offered his prayers along with his Ashab (Companions).

6.
The Battle of Hunain

After
the fall of the base of polytheist to the Muslims, those polytheists living
all around Mecca

were greatly
horrified and harassed. Therefore, they gathered and decided that all the
tribes should unitedly fight against the Muslims. All of them chose the
chief of Taifa Hawazan as their general.

Having
received the information about this aggregation, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
sent a person to view and observe the situation and get information about
the battle arrangement made by those tribes and on his return to

Mecca

present a report
of it.

Departure
towards Hunain

The
Prophet, on getting information about the intentions of the enemy moved with
a force of one thousand Mujahid warriors towards the

valley of

Hunain

on the 5th of
Shawwal, 8th Hijrah.

Malik,
the chief of the polytheist's army, sent three of his men for the spying
espionage of the Islamic forces.

They
observed the glorious Islamic forces and reported it to their chief. Malik,
thinking he did not have the power to face them ordered his men to climb
the hilltops of the valley and seek for themselves strong position on those
heights and when the Islamic army arrives then take them by surprise.

In
the Narrow Pass of Hunain

The
army of Islam arrived the

valley of

Hunain

on the Tuesday
night of the 10th of Shawwal, the 8th Hijrah.

All of
them, on the Command of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) took rest in the night and
at dawn time moved into the valley.

The
enemies, who were lying in the ambush fully prepared, attacked them from
all the four directions.

The
darkness of the night, chaos created by the horses and presence of two
thousand and nine hundred men who had newly and lately become Muslims, helped
the enemy to a great extent and Waleed was obliged to retreat.

Only
ten men were present around the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) who was defending him.
The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) ordered them to call the run away for help. Abbas,
with his thundering, reprimanding voice, called those who were flying away,
and the enemy forces who were achieving victory in the start, were
gradually becoming weak.

Finally,
the defense posts of the enemy too were destroyed and they ran away leaving
back all of their war equipments. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) sent a group to
chase the run away so that they are weakened to the extent that they may
not be able to make a military venture in future.

Those
chasing the enemy came back after accomplishing their errand, and the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) distributed the booty among his army men.

7.
The Battle of Tabuk

In the
month of Rajab of the 9th Hijrah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) received a report
that the Muslims of the northeastern border of Arabia

were being
threatened by the Roman empire

and they have made
up their mind to attack the Islamic lands.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) after arranging strong and fit soldiers, contrary to the
previous times policy when he used to conceal his aim, clearly exposed his
aim and object to the people and got their attention diverted to the
assault of the enemy and ordered all of them not to hesitate in extending
all kind of help and assistance to the army of Islam.

People
offered every thing needed for the soldiers of Islam with great fervor and
enthusiasm and contributed to the war expanses.

The Hypocrite's Behavior

The
hypocrites, simultaneous along with the mobilization of the Islamic farces
started to poison the people ears to create anti war spirit and they
horrified and harassed the people in connection with combat and facing the
Roman army. They built a Mosque named "Masjid-e-Zarrar" so as to
have a center for their poisonous propaganda and stop the people from
participating in the Jihad. But the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) by strong and
concrete attitude arrested their conspiracies.

By the
order of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) the house of the Jew Sewelum, which was the
focus and center of meetings of the Jews was burnt down and all their
conspiracies were nullified.

Towards
Tabuk

An
unprecedented army of thirty thousand Muslim soldiers got prepared and
camped in the suburbs of Madinah. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) took the Command
of the forces in his own hands, witnessed their march, and spoke to them.

Thereafter,
he fixed Ali (A.S.) on his place in Madinah and himself moved towards Tabuk
along with the army men.

The
soldiers of Islamic army reached the burning

desert of

Tabuk

after having
covered a journey of six hundred kilometers. But they were taken aback and
surprised to see that there was no sign of the Roman army. It seemed as if
those (enemies) having learnt about the movement
of the Islamic forces, which were full of spirit of martyrdom, retreated
northwards.

The
Islamic army having stayed a clash free twenty days period over there, by
the order of Prophet (P.B.U.H.) turned back to Madinah.

The
Conspiracy of Hypocrites

On the
way back from Tabuk, a group of hypocrites who had participated in the war
because of the fear of people planned to hide in the

valley of

Tabuk

mountains so that
they might get the camel of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) terrified and make him
fell down from it and kill him. But their conspiracy was revealed and all
of them flew away. The soldiers of Islam wanted to kill them but the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) stopped them from doing so. On returning back from
Tabuk, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) ordered the people to demolish the
"Zarrar Mosque" and they did so as per the Command of the
Almighty God.

Battle
of Tabuk was the expression and show of might and power of the army of
Islam. All the Muslims took part in that battle. Because of this show
people of the neighboring and polytheist countries witnessed the power and
might of Islam and refrained from conspiring against it.

Acquaintance
ex-polytheists

The
polytheists used to perform Hajj rituals according to their own traditions
up till the 10th Dhul-Hijjah the 9th Hijrah. In the same year the chapter
of Holy Qur'an named Baraat or Tauba was revealed. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
entrusted the job of recitation of these verses before the polytheist of

Mecca

to Ali (A.S.) and
instructed him to tell them "No polytheist will enter the holy Kaabah
from this year onwards and nobody will perform the circumambulation around
the Kaabah in nude condition.

According
to the Command of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), Ali (A.S.) went to

Mecca

and recited the
chapter of Qur'an "Tauba" before the polytheists and informed
them about the order that the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) had given.

Mubahalah
(Cursing each other)

Since
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was sending letters to the rulers of the world, he
sent a letter to the bishop of Najran and invited the Christians of that
place to embrace Islam.

In
this letter the bishop was asked either to accept Islam or pay Jazia tax as
a backing to the Islamic Government.

The
bishop had already read in the holy books about the coming of a Prophet
after the Christ (A.S.). So he sent a number of delegates to Madinah to
find the facts. Having arrived Madinah, they started a discussion with the
Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and were not contented with that till such time the
angel Jabriel descended with the revelation and message from Almighty God
that the wise men of Najran may go to the

desert of

Najran

and offer prayer
up to a specified time. There after, every body should curse the liar.

When
the time of Mubahalah approached the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) brought along with
him only four persons out of the total lot of the Muslims and his
associates. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was carrying Imam Husayn (A.S.) in his arms, Imam Hasan (A.S.) was being guided by the finger,
Fatimah (A.S.) and Ali (A.S.) beside him.

When
the Christians sighted them, their chief said: "By God I am seeing
such faces that if they do curse the desert will turn into hell and the
effects of this torment and chastisement will reach the

land of

Najran

and there is a
risk of all the Christians being killed."

As a
result they accepted to pay the tax levied on Kharaj non-Muslims.

It was
decided that the Christians would give two thousand Hullas (robes, cloaks)
and thirty rows to the Muslims, thereafter.

The
Final or Farewell Hajj

On the
25th of Dhul-Qi'dah the 10th Hijrah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) announced that
he (P.B.U.H.) had the intention to perform Hajj that year and anyone
wishing to accompany him (P.B.U.H.) might do so.

This
news created the zest and fervor of keenness among the people and thousands
of Muslims announced their readiness to accompany the Prophet (P.B.U.H).

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) appointed Abu Dajana as his deputy in Madinah and moved
along with his Companions.

The
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) entered the state of performing Hajj (putting on the
pilgrim garb) at Zulhaleefa and called out Labbayk and moved on towards

Mecca

.

After
ten days he reached Mecca

and entered the
Masjid-ul-Haram and performed Hajj rituals. The next day he made a speech
at Mina and giving out a sermon said, "Stability is needed and
required in the affairs of religion."

The
Ghadeer-e-Khum

On
Thursday the 17th of Dhul Hijjah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) reached near the
pond at Juhfa. The angel descended with the revelation from God,
"Appoint Ali as your successor". The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) gathered
the Muslims by calling them for the announcement of an important message.

Thousands
of pilgrims gathered in that perching, and scorching heat to listen to the
words of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.).

After
offering prayers the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) climbed a height made up with the
help of camel saddles and said "Praise is specified for Almighty God
only. We ask help only from Him and have faith, reliance on Him. I give
evidence that there is no God except God. Mohammad is his servant and Prophet.
Yes, oh people, very soon I am departing from you and am leaving two
weighty and most valuable things among you the holy Qur'an and my Ahl
al-Bayt (A.S.) [The family members of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) including his
cousin and son-in-law Ali (A.S.). His daughter Fatimah (A.S.) and two grand
sons Hasan (A.S.) and Husayn (A.S.)].

These
will never be separated from each other till the time they reach me on the
bank of the Kauser stream (on the day of justice). Therefore, you remain
resort and bonded with them and never abandon them. If you abandon them,
you will get annihilated.

Then
he took Ali (A.S.) by the hand and raised his hand up and said "Oh
people I am the master of whosoever. Ali too is the master of him. Oh God!
Be the friend of the one who loves Ali and be the enemy of the one who has
enmity with him. Help the helpers of Ali and humble and surpass all those
who want to humble him."

After
his speech was over an angel descended from the heaven and gave the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) the good news and glad tiding that with the Wilayat
(guardianship) spiritual office of Ali (A.S.) the religion of Islam became
accomplished and completed. The boon and blessing of God finalized.

Death
of Prophet (P.B.U.H.)

After
his returning back from the journey the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) fell ill. A
group took the advantage from this chance and claimed Prophet-hood but by
the Prophet's (P.B.U.H.) order all of them were killed.

One
day when the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was very ill and unwell, he (P.B.U.H.) with
the help and support of Ali (A.S.) visited the graves of his friends in the
graveyard of Baqi. Then he (P.B.U.H.) returned home.

Day by
day, the ailment of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) went on increasing till at last
the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) breathed his last in the lap of Ali (A.S.) on Monday
28th of Safar 11th Hijrah, turning the whole of the Islamic World mournful
and grieved.