Nowruz: The Celebration of Spring

Persian Spring / Nowruz / Nowruz Poems

As we all know, the essence of any civilization is captured in its celebrations, for it is in these festivities that the symbols, ideas and institutions that are cherished most by the people of a nation are brought forth and renewed. One of the greatest sources of pleasure for Iranians is other Iranians. What joy there is in Iran in socializing, being with other people, talking, walking, arguing, bargaining, boasting, flattering, joking, sympathizing, complaining, exaggerating and, above all, crying and laughing. At the center of all is the joy that arises from the family. Iranian families are close?knit, extended and loyal. Children, of course, are the chief source of pleasure in a family. So it is not surprising if the two celebrations which are important for Iranians, and which are occasions for joy have as their bases the family unification. One, the marriage celebration has its origin in the realm of the family and its social network. I am not going to talk about this one today and save it for another occasion.

The second celebration is the Iranian New Year, Nowruz, which starts on March 21st the first day of spring and the beginning of Iranian Calendar. This celebration continues for more than two weeks, from the last Wednesday of the year until the thirteenth day after the New Year. During this time many festivities take place. A primary emphasis during Nowruz is on nature. Fire, water, earth and air all figure prominently. Social gatherings, food and contact with the outdoors are emphasized. Preparations for the holiday begin weeks in advance. Every home must have not only a complete and thorough cleaning, but painting is done and needed repairs are made. Everything is to be in order for the coming year, nothing is to be left undone ? including the paying off of all debts. Everyone in the family must wear new clothes as the new year begins. Gifts and gold coins are given and taken too. Therefore, weeks ahead of time many shopping trips take place.

One such legend tells us that the world rests on one of the horns of Taurus, the bull. Once a year, he tires of the load and shifts his burden to the other horn. This sudden jolt to the earth, is, quite naturally, makes an egg roll on the mirror in the center of "the Haft Seen Table" which is the traditional table set for New?Year and I will talk about it later.

HAJI FIRUZ

THE NEW YEAR MESSENGER

A strange little man, with a long and interesting history, wandered into the Nowruz celebrations centuries ago and reappears each year a few days before the formal festivities begin. This lively, happy?go?lucky fellow with a black, polished face, wearing a conical hat and dressed in clown?like clothes with red baggy trousers, sets the mood for this time of rejoicing and merry?making as he sings and dances through the streets with his tambourine for the delight of young and old alike.

CHAHAR SHANBEH SURI:Celebration of Fire (Similar to Halloween)

Fire plays another important role in the ceremonies of Nowruz, on the last Wednesday of the year, called Chahr?Shanbeh Suri. In the traditional reckoning of time, each day starts at sunset of the previous night. Thus the observance of Chahr?Shanbeh Suri actually begins on Tuesday night. On this night each family takes dried thorns and bushes gathered from the plains and mountains and arranges them in either three, five or seven piles in the house, in the courtyard or in the street. As the sun sets and night falls, men and women, young and old, gather around the piles of tinder and light them. Then they dance around the fires singing songs. One at a time, each family member jumps over the flames and chants verses like the following:

May sadness go and happiness come

May suffering go and blessing come

Ay, night before Wednesday

Ay, Key with four teeth,

Grant me my desires

My yellow to you

Your red to me

When the fires have died down to ashes, a woman from each family gathers the ashes in a dustpan and carries them away to a nearby street corner or stream and throws them away. She then returns home and raps loudly on the door, telling the family members that she has just come from a wedding and is bringing happiness and blessings for the family. The door is opened, and in this way the family ensures itself of blessings for the coming years.

Iranians, by burning fires at this time, eliminate ugliness and impurity from their lives.

Haft Seen

The exact second of the change from old to new year is calculated. A few minutes before Nowruz, the entire family gathers around the table, offers prayers and when the announcement arrives, there is the usual cheering and clapping, hugging and kissing. Everyone sitting around the table, sweetens his or her mouth with Shirini (Sweets) that come from the decorated table. The head of the family distributes gifts (usually gold coins) to all present. Before the family on a table is a ceremonial display consisting of a copy of the holy book, sprouted grains and lentils, and seven items beginning with the Persian letter "seen", corresponding to the English "s". The most common items on todays Haft Seen (Seven S's) are:

Senjed: a kind of sweet, dry, pithy fruit, symbolizes regeneration and new life because of its seed.

Sabzeh: Sprouted grains or lentils (green grass), symbolizes life. It is believed to happiness, freshness, purity, and good life in the coming new year.

Seer: Garlic, symbolizes wealth. It is believed to keep us away from sickness in the coming new year.

Serkeh: Vinegar is believed to bring energy and strength.

Samanoo: A sweet porridge made from sprouted wheat and flour symbolizes freedom. It is believed to bring strength and productivity in the upcoming year.

Sekeh: Gold coin symbolizes wealth. It is believed to bring courage in the upcoming year.

Quite often you will find also:

Seeb: Red apple symbolizes knowledge and long life. It is believed to bring healthy and happy look to people.

Sombol: Hyacinth, a spring flower, symbolizes peace, love, and kindness. It also gives a pleasant scent to the haftseen table.

Sangak: bread

added to the display.

Colored eggs, one for each member of the family, brighten the decor. A mirror with an egg placed on it has appeared so that everyone can watch for the movement of the egg as Taurus flips the world to the other horn. Light, representing the goodness is symbolized in the candles that are left to burn themselves out. A bowl of water with goldfish also symbolizing light, brings good luck in the coming year if you are gazing into it at the moment of the new year.

The traditional meal for the first day of Nowruz is broiled fish and Rice mixed with edible greens.

SIZDEH BEDAR: Outdoor Celebration

The thirteenth day of Nowruz, according to tradition, must be spent out of doors. Consequently, Iranian families leave their homes on that morning with carpets, gelims and picnic materials to search out gardens and areas beside streams and under trees. Every family has brought the sprouted wheat and lentils from their Nowruz table and they cast them away for good luck.

Once the families reach their destination, clustered in small groups under the trees on the banks of streams, they spread their carpets, light their samovars, make wood fires and set their thick noodle soup to heat. While their elders smoke their water pipes, the young people play at their own games ? leapfrog, seesaw, swinging, volleyball and many others. Some play with cards or dice, or engage in a game of backgammon or chess.

At noon each family spreads out its food and all eat a substantial soup, there is green herb pilaf, fried fish and kuku, a fried omelet?like dish thick with chopped greens. The lettuce, vinegar and honey are eaten only in the afternoon as a snack after a siesta of two or three hours.

During the whole day itinerant musicians with monkeys' and bears, jugglers, magicians, strong men and the inevitable welcomer of the New Year, Haji Firuz, move from group to group entertaining the picnickers.

On the thirteenth of Nowruz young girls tie knots in the grass they find on the plains in order to ensure they find husbands during the New Year. A Khorasani verse concerning this day goes as follows:

Thirteen outside

Fourteen inside

Swear by the clucking hen

Next year

In your husband's home

Child at your breast

The Nowruz holidays capture the Iranians' need to come to terms with nature, the spirit and each other. In music, poetry, socializing and pleasurable activity, the renewal of the cycle that gives rise to the undercurrent of deep, quiet satisfaction is given concrete expression. It is thus fitting that the New Year should begin with a large measure of those small things which seem to produce joy in limited quantities but which ultimately give life itself its primary meaning.

Source: iranianhotline.com

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